What is cytokinesis how does it differ in plants and animals

The main difference between plant cell and animal cell cytokinesis is the formation of new cell wall surrounding the daughter cells. Plant cells form a cell plate between the two daughter cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow is formed between the two daughter cells. In mitotic division, after the completion of the cytokinesis, daughter cells enter into the interphase. In meiotic division, produced gametes are used for the completion of the sexual reproduction after the completion of cytokinesis by fusing with the other type of the gametes in the same species.

Plant cells usually consist of a cell wall. Therefore, they form the cell plate at the middle of the parent cell, in order to separate two daughter cells. Formation of the cell plate is shown in figure 1. Figure 1: Cell Plate Formation. Phragmoplast is microtubule array, supporting and guiding the cell plate formation.

The microtubules which are utilized for the formation of the phragmoplast are the remnants of the spindle. Vesicles containing proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are trafficked into the mid zone of the phragmoplast by the microtubules since they are required for the formation of the cell plate.

The source of these vesicles is the Golgi apparatus. Widened microtubules laterally fuse with each other in order to form a planar sheet which is referred to as the cell plate. Other cell wall constituents along with cellulose deposit on the cell plate drive it to further maturation. The edges of the cell plate are fused with the existing parental cell membrane, physically separating the two daughter cells. Most of the time, this fusion occurs in an asymmetric manner. But, strands of the endoplasmic reticulum is found passing through the newly formed cell plate, which behaves as the precursors of the plasmodesmata, a type of cell junctions found in plant cells.

Different cell wall components like hemicellulose, pectins, arabinogalactan proteins, which are carried by the secretary vesicles, are deposited on the newly formed cell plate. The most abundant component of the cell wall is cellulose. First, callose is polymerized by the callose synthase enzyme on the cell plate.

As the cell plate fuses with the existing cell membrane, callose is eventually replaced by the cellulose. Middle lamella is generated from the cell wall. It is a glue-like layer, consisting of pectin. The two adjacent cells are bound together by the middle lamella. The cytoplasm division of the animal cells begins after the separation of the sister chromatids during the anaphase of the nuclear division. Animal cell cytokinesis is shown in figure 2.

During this process, the cytoplasm of the original cell halves itself equally for the two resulting cells. Though both animal cells and plant cells go through cytokinesis, the two separate types of cells differ.

Cytokinesis provides each new cell with a proper amount of cytoplasm. It is also the concluding step following mitosis. It finalizes the division of the two cells. Cytokinesis is vital to the cell process as it divides the cytoplasm into two equal portions for the new cells. Cytoplasm is extremely important within each cell.

The cell's main support for organelles within the cell's membrane, the cytoplasm also contains many nutrients. Hope this helps :. Related questions Why is compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells important? How do eukaryotic cells maintain homeostasis? How do eukaryotic cells differ from bacteria and archaea? How can eukaryotic cells divide?

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